Injection moulding machines usually consist of injection systems, mould closing systems, hydraulic drive systems, electrical control systems, lubrication systems, heating and cooling systems, safety monitoring systems, etc.
(1) Injection system
The role of the injection system: injection system is one of the main components of the injection molding machine, there are generally plunger type, screw type, screw pre-molding plunger injection vertical injection molding machine injection type 3 main forms. At present, the most widely used is the screw type. Its role is to inject a certain amount of plastic in a cycle of the injection plastic machine, can be heated and plasticized within a specified period of time, under a certain pressure and speed, through the screw will molten plastic into the mold cavity. After injection, the molten material injected into the mould cavity is kept in shape.
Components of the injection system: The injection system consists of a plasticising unit and a power transmission unit.
The plasticising unit of the screw injection moulding machine is mainly composed of the filling device, the barrel, the screw and the nozzle. The power transmission device includes the injection cylinder, injection seat moving cylinder and screw drive device (melt motor).
(2) Mould closing system
The role of the mould closing system: The role of the mould closing system is to ensure that the mould closes, opens and ejects the product. At the same time, after the mould is closed, the mould is given sufficient clamping force to resist the pressure of the mould cavity generated by the molten plastic entering the cavity and to prevent the mould from opening up and causing a bad condition of the product.
The mould closing system is mainly composed of mould closing device, mould adjustment mechanism, ejector mechanism, front and rear fixed template, mobile template, mould closing cylinder and safety protection mechanism.
(3) Hydraulic system
The role of the hydraulic transmission system is to realize the injection molding machine according to the process requirements of various actions to provide power, and to meet the requirements of the pressure, speed, temperature and other parts of the injection molding machine. It is mainly composed of respective hydraulic components and hydraulic auxiliary components, of which the oil pump and motor are the power source of the injection moulding machine. Various valves control the pressure and flow of the oil to meet the requirements of the injection moulding process.
(4) Electrical control system
The electrical control system works reasonably with the hydraulic system to achieve the process requirements of the injection moulding machine (pressure, temperature, speed, time) and various schematic program actions. It is mainly composed of electrical appliances, electronic components, instruments, heaters, sensors, etc. There are generally four types of control, manual, semi-automatic, fully automatic and adjustment.
(5) Heating/cooling system
The heating system is used to heat the barrel and injection nozzle. The barrel of the injection moulding machine generally uses an electric heating ring as the heating device, which is installed on the outside of the barrel and detected by thermocouples in sections. The heat is conducted through the barrel wall to provide a heat source for the plasticisation of the material; the cooling system is mainly used to cool the oil temperature, which is too high and can cause a variety of faults, so the oil temperature must be controlled. Another need to cool the location in the material tube near the lower material mouth, to prevent the raw materials in the lower material mouth melting, resulting in raw materials can not be normal under the material.
(6) Lubrication system
Lubrication system is the injection moulding machine's dynamic template, mould adjustment device, linkage machine hinge and other parts of the relative movement to provide lubrication conditions of the circuit, in order to reduce energy consumption and improve the life of the parts, lubrication can be regular manual lubrication, can also be automatic electric lubrication.
(7) Safety protection and monitoring system
Injection moulding machine safety devices are mainly used to protect people and machine safety devices. It is mainly composed of safety doors, hydraulic valves, limit switches, photoelectric detection elements, etc. to achieve electrical - mechanical - hydraulic interlock protection.
The monitoring system mainly monitors the oil temperature, material temperature, system overload, as well as process and equipment faults of the injection moulding machine, and indicates or alarms when abnormal conditions are found.
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